Associação entre ácido úrico sérico e variáveis de risco cardiometabólico em crianças e adolescentes

Abstract

Introduction: Uric acid (AU), the final product of purine metabolism, is used for risk effects for different diseases, but in childhood and adolescence there are few studies that evaluate the relationship between uric acid and cardiometabolic changes. The aim of the study was to assess uric acid levels in children and adolescents and its relationship with cardiometabolic risk variables. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 791 children and adolescents from 6 to 18 years old, of both sexes. The anthropometric variables analyzed were height, weight, waist circumference (BW), body fat percentage (% BF) and body mass index (BMI), hemodynamic measures were systolic and diastolic blood pressure and wave speed carotid-femoral pulse (VOP-cf). In the blood, uric acid, glucose, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL#c), low density lipoprotein (LDLc) and non-HDL cholesterol (Non-HDLc) were measured. Sexual maturation was classified by the tanner scale in prepubertal (stage I) and pubertal (stage II, III, IV and V). Student's t test or analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test was used to compare the difference between the means and the chisquare test for the proportions. The analyzes were performed using Pearson's correlation test and simple linear regression. The level of significance was set at p <0.05. Results: The sample consisted of 56.4% (n = 446) boys and 43.6% (n = 345) girls, with a mean age of 11.3 ± 2.7 years. The mean uric acid in the sample was 3.99 ± 1.04 mg/dl, sex and puberty influenced uric acid values, being higher in boys and pubescents (p <0.05). The variables that presented the strongest correlations with uric acid for both sexes were weight and BW (p <0.001). In boys, the variables that remained associated with uric acid were the percentile of BMI (β=0.006), CP (β=0.047), systolic (β=0.041), diastolic blood pressure (β=0.010) and Cf-PWV (β=0.238) (p<0.05). In girls, the percentile of BMI (β=0.009), CP (β=0.036), %CG (β=0.030), HDLc (β=-0.012) and triglycerides (β=0.004) (p<0.05) were associated with AU. Conclusion: Conclusion: Uric acid differs between the sexes in relation to the stage of sexual maturation. In girls, anthropometric variables and lipid profile variables were associated with uric acid, and in boys, in addition to anthropometric variables, blood pressure and Cf-PWV were associated with uric acid. Thus, the data demonstrate an association between serum uric acid levels and cardiometabolic changes, and it is important to use new risk markers such as uric acid to control and investigate these changes in the population's health.