Mulheres com COVID-19 na gestação: percepções e desfechos

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-coV-2 virus that has spread rapidly in the world, causing a high number of deaths every day. Thus, it became necessary to develop protocols for pregnant women for the prevention of transmission, practice of social isolation, notification and proper management of cases. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the perceptions and outcomes of pregnant women diagnosed with Covid-19, in the city of Vitória (ES), from March 2020 to March 2021. METHODOLOGY: is a descriptive evaluative research with a quantitative-qualitative approach, with the purpose of mapping the production of knowledge about the impacts caused to pregnant women contaminated by this virus, during pregnancy and after the child's birth, and to describe women's perceptions about their experiences with the diagnosis of COVID-19 and quality of care received in the municipal health system. The collection of quantitative data was carried out with the search for information in the electronic medical record, through the Bem Estar Network (program used in the municipality) and semi-structured interviews by telephone call with the women, through the availability of the telephone number by the epidemiological surveillance of the municipality. Qualitative data were collected when making contact by phone, and the call was recorded on a telephone. To analyze the data, we used the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows program, version 22.0 for quantitative analysis and the content analysis technique proposed by Bardin (2011) for qualitative analysis. RESULTS: The pregnant women were between 18 and 44 years old, 39 (50.6%) were between 18 and 30 years old, 38 (49.4%) were over 30 years old. Regarding education, 34 (42.4%) had completed high school; 14 (18.2%), incomplete high school; 12 (15.6%) completed higher education; 4 (5.2%) incomplete higher education; and 1 (1.3%) incomplete elementary education. Considering race/color, 39 (51.3%) were of mixed race/color; 25 (32.9%) white, and 12 (15.8%) black. Regarding the marital status of pregnant women, 59 (77.6%) were married, and 17 (22.4%) were single. Of the 77 women, 48 (62.3%) had cesarean deliveries, 22 (28.6%) had newborns with less than 37 weeks and 3 (3.9%) had their follow-up interrupted due to abortion. From the qualitative analysis, three categories emerged: feelings when receiving the diagnosis of the disease, perceptions about the care provided by the health team, perceptions about the guidelines regarding the prevention of COVID-19. No maternal and neonatal deaths due to the disease were identified. CONCLUSION: Thus, despite the increase in the formulation of guidance protocols for health professionals and pregnant women, the research points to the need to develop practices that help in the expansion of disease prevention measures.