O lugar da criança na polis : Sócrates e a ausência do reconhecimento público da criança

Abstract

This work actualizes a theoretic study of the place of child in polis, focusing on the relationships and processes started in the specific context of IV and III centuries b.C., before a genealogy that gives opportunity to analyze the scenario which surrounds the political knowledge of greeks. The focus is the discursive practices that moves among idealism and the polis representation. Such problems inspire themselves on the socratic referential, which means the comprehension of the why of this apparent absence of public awareness of child in polis. To solve this question, we have been served from the Socrates living style and, more specifically from socratic categorization of doxa, in admitting the opinion as potentiality and rationality of child. The socratic disposition establishes itself as an odd into the institutional politician by polis, and surround it through the tension generated by the criteria of opinion. By distinguishing itself from the patterns applied on the polis citizen recognition, that prefers discussion to opinion, another logic and another meaning are proposed. Socrates invite his interlocutors to a reflexive, relational and dialogic participation, however more open, with is out of the ideal enclosure of polis paradigm. In this locus, the problem of public recognizing of child becomes complex by the questions on which bases and reflexes overrules to the impact of statement of child’s opinion (and of infans). Socrates uses discursive practices for the good of its praxis and proposes as new theory the possibility of instaure the opinion of child when he recognizes such voice in public, common and participating space. Secondary authors and interpreters of socratic thought follows the intended logic to accomplish this work, that dedicates itself to this theme starting from two different positions: the first one is directed by socratic studies and by the choice for criteria (opinion or reason), as much as between Socrates and the paideia and the polis, as between Socrates and the classical philosophers Plato and Aristotle; the second tries to reestablish the same debate of lack of recognition of child, but under other reference, the one of modernity, studied in its character and specificity. Been so, this study goals to contribute to the actual debate when it analyzes new models to public recognition of child into the society, based on a public mechanism ruled by other logics.