Produção de mudas e revegetação de base de poço em áreas de exploração de petróleo no norte do estado do Espírito Santo

Abstract

The restoration of degraded areas is one of the biggest challenges of activities related to the environment, therefore, to be successful in projects to recover degraded areas, one of the most important factors is the production and quality of seedlings. In addition, it is necessary to use techniques that enable the development of species in restinga areas and indicate which adapt to a certain type of degradation. In order to recover and manage degraded areas, two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, the objective was to produce quality seedlings of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi with different substrates and concentrations of organic matter. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, in a subdivided plot scheme: the main plot was composed of two types of substrates (sandy and clayey) and the subplots consisted of five OM concentrations (0; 15; 25; 50 and 75% v / v), with five repetitions. Bovine manure was used as a source of organic matter. The results indicated a significant interaction between treatments, with the highest averages obtained when 50% OM was applied to the composition with the clay substrate. The organic constituent in the substrate was very important, as the development of the seedlings was impaired when produced only in sand or clay, obtaining low quality seedlings. The second experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the influence of soil management and planting techniques on native species used in the revegetation of a deactivated oil and gas well base. The experimental design was in randomized blocks - DBC, in a factorial scheme (2x3) with 5 repetitions, composed of two forms of soil management regarding their preparation: 1) removal of the clay base and cultivation on the sandy substrate; and 2) preparation of the clayey base with Subsoiling + Grating and cultivation on the prepared substrate, submitted to three planting techniques: planting the native species with bromeliad; planting the native species with chemical and organic fertilization in the pit; and planting of native species without fertilization and without the presence of bromeliad (control). The native species aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius) and howler tail (Dalbergia ecastophyllum) were used. Both species showed promise in v revegetation of the area of the base of an oil / gas well deactivated in a sandbank area. The use of the planting technique with fertilization and the management of the clayey soil presented the best evaluative results, both in the morphological aspects of the species and in the evaluation of the chemical attributes of the soil, showing potentiality in the revegetation and recovery of the degraded area