A influência dos subsistemas de vedação vertical no desempenho energético do edifício

Abstract

The world is becoming increasingly urbanized. In these circumstances, reducing the consumption of energy from buildings is an extremely important aspect for the sustainable development of the new buildings that will be built to supply the accelerated urbanization and the great population increase. The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of the envelope and passive cooling strategies on the energy consumption of a prolonged stay environment in a multifamily residential building, located in the Metropolitan Region of the Greater Vitória. The methodology was divided into three stages. In the first, the building typology was defined based on previously established criteria, and characterized the environment selected for the hygrothermal performance simulations. In the second stage, the software for the simulations was selected and the parameters to be tested with the different constructive variables were configured. In the third stage, the method of calculating the financial cost for cooling the simulated environment was chosen and applied, considering the North, East, South and West orientations, varying the environment envelope with the use of the vertical envelope in ceramic blocks, concrete blocks and steel frame, and, the combination of these systems: no blinds in the window; with blinds; with the ventilated facade; and, with the blinds and the ventilated facade simultaneously. The results showed that the greatest energy consumption was with the environment with an opening facing North, when considering only the concrete block construction system, with a consumption of 737,71 kWh/year. Considering the same configuration, but with the use of the ventilated facade and shading element, this same environment consumed 322,69 kWh/year, a decrease of 59%, which represents a savings of R$ 326,04/year. The results also demonstrated that the environment with the steel frame construction system presented the lowest consumption only for situations where the ventilated facade was not used. When used, the lowest consumption was with the envelope in concrete blocks. The environment with a concrete block construction system in conjunction with the use of the blinds and the ventilated facade, facing the South orientation, was responsible for the lowest energy consumption found, with a reduction that reached 66% when compared to the worst performance.