O financiamento da educação em contextos federativos do BRASIL, da Argentina e do México: relações intergovernamentais para a garantia da etapa obrigatória de escolarização

Abstract

The paper research was developed with the objective of comparing the education financing in the federative contexts of Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico and how they guarantee the compulsory stage of schooling with basis for intergovernmental relations. The theme was approached from the perspective of Comparative Education through bibliographic and documental research. In the analysis of the current legislation, we have identified that these countries have advanced in offering the compulsory stage of schooling: Brazil and Argentina offer 14 years and Mexico offer 15 years. The financing policies for the compulsory stage of schooling were analysed taking into account the federative context of each country, fiscal federalism and the financing legislation. Through the analysis was possible to verify that, in the three countries, there are financing mechanisms that articulate all the federated entities: Brazil and Mexico adopt a fund policy and Argentina adopts a system of federal tax co-participation. The study pointed out that national governments concentrate the collection of resources and that subnational governments do not have sufficient revenues to finance educational policies. The challenge is to plan mechanisms to correct distortions, ensuring equity in the distribution of resources.