Crescimento populacional e processos socioambientais no município de Piúma - ES

Abstract

The thesis discusses the theme of population growth and the consequent increase in socioenvironmental problems that occurred in the municipality of Piúma - ES, with the time span from 1951 to 2018. This research is guided by the hypothesis that the population growth of Piúma, which occurred without proper planning and ordering of territorial occupation, without respecting the fragilities of the local environment, it significantly changed the Urban Environmental Quality and the local population Quality of Life. It aims to identify the main changes that occurred in the population dynamics of the municipality urbanized area, to characterize the evolution of land use in the municipality from the 1950s to the present day; verify and map the main socio environmental changes in the urban space, such as urbanization, vegetation cover, water courses, beach erosion, and characterize the processes of alteration of river channels. The methodology used for these objectives to be achieved was the use of diversified bibliographies, furthermore: demographic data, historical and current data, cartographic data and hydrographic data, use of Geotechnologies for the creation of maps of geographical characterization and socio-environmental problems in the municipality of Piúma, in addition field visits and photographic records that took place at the time the research started and ended. With the application of the methodology, the analysis of the socio-spatial evolution of seven socio-environmental dimensions was made: Watershed Plan, Water Bodies Framework, Environmental Sanitation, Urbanization, Vegetation Cover, Water Resources and Beach Erosion. The research results showed that the elaboration of water resources management instruments are of paramount importance to manage water use both in quantity and in quality. The population growth of Piúma, especially in its urban area, occurred associated over the analyzed period, the strong anthropic interventions in its environment, such as the increase of beach erosion, and consequently, retrogradation, loss of vegetation cover, insufficient environmental sanitation. to meet the demands of the population, and major changes in their river channels, causing loss of Environmental Quality and Quality of Life for the local population.