Representação patrimonial para o planejamento territorialista: narrativas histórico-estrutural e morfotipológica para um conhecer territorial profundo – ensaio metodológico em Anchieta/ES

Abstract

The concept of territorial heritage expands what is traditionally understood by the term heritage and changes the very nature of the heritage object and preservation actions. The Italian Territorialist School understands the territory as a process of co-evolution between human settlements and the environment. The territory does not exist, therefore, outside the societynature relationship. As a historical and identity product of territorializing actions, mediation between nature and culture, the territory witnesses the continuous transformation of the environment into construct and, therefore, can be considered heritage. By assuming the territory as a process-product of man's interaction with the environment, it is understood, therefore, that it has informational characteristics that can be apprehended through reading, representation and interpretation. It is intended, then, to explore this potential through the structuring of a system that allows to portray the territory from the understanding of its territorial and environmental values, aiming to produce deep territorial knowledge capable of promoting a new cycle of territorialization based on territorializing acts that subsidize sustainable development. It is adopted as an empirical object Anchieta, a municipality on the southern coast of Espírito Santo. The research focuses on the study of the historical process of territorialization and its spatial arrangements, as a way of revealing the lines of force that cross the successive cycles of anthropic sedimentation and reach the present as structural invariance. The problem is qualitatively approached under two main approaches: a historicalstructural and a morphotypological one. In the first, the long-term sedimentation of the territory is investigated, identifying the main phases of stability and rupture in the historical process of its formation. In the second, the spatial configurations resulting from territorialization processes are analysed. The representation of recognized identity characteristics at the intersection of these methodological approaches points to the attributes of the place as potential resources to be activated for local development, in line with the ideals of heritage preservation, economic prosperity, defence of the sociocultural function and guarantee of democratic access to the territory. This representation integrates multiple resources, with emphasis on the use of geoinformational tools, capable of revealing complex information about the territory, revealing its heritage values and its durable identity. As a result, the sets of specific traits that constitute the territorial figures and the permanent, persistent and lost elements of the territorial structure are identified, pointing out their importance and possible contribution to planning from more sustainable perspectives.