Influência da obesidade e do treinamento de força sobre o perfil metabólico hepático e pancreático em modelo de dieta hiperlipídica

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity is considered an independent risk factor for the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). MAFLD is characterized by excessive accumulation of lipids in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes (liver steatosis), and may be associated with inflammation and insulin resistance (IR). Non pharmacological strategies, such as resistance training (T), have been investigated regarding their efficacy in attenuating MAFLD. Objective: The present study evaluated the effect of T on the condition of liver steatosis in rats induced by obesity. Methods: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals/UFES (No.53/2019). Wistar rats (30 days, ~150g) were randomly distributed in the control (C; standard diet) and obese (Ob; high-fat diet) groups. The water supply was ad libitum. After the 16th week of treatment, the Ob group was redistributed into: obese (Ob) and obese submitted to T (ObT). Body mass (BM), epididymal fat deposits (EF), retroperitoneal (RF), visceral (VF) and the respective sums (∑), adiposity index (AI), maximum load carrying test (MLCT): absolute load (AL), relative load carried (RL), ∆ force (∆); in addition to the glucose tolerance test (GTT), biochemical, hormonal and inflammatory parameters, and histological analyses in adipose (AT), pancreatic and hepatic tissues. The data were expressed as a mean ± standard deviation. For the statistical conclusions, the Student t test was used, considering the significance level of 5%. Results: The Ob group presented BM higher than C throughout the protocol. The variables EF, RF, VF, ∑, AI, triglyceride (TG), leptin, interleukin 6, GTT, glucose, insulin and IR presented higher values in the Ob group, in relation to C (Ob>C). The presence of obesity favored a reduction in the area of β cells (Ob<C). In the MLCT, the ObT group conducted higher AL, RL and ∆ when compared to Ob (ObT>Ob). The T promoted reduction of BM, EF, VF, ∑, AI, TG, total cholesterol, leptin, glucose and IR (ObT<Ob). The percentage of liver fat was statistically higher for the Ob group compared to C; on the other hand, T also promoted decreased liver fat among obese animals (ObT<Ob). Conclusion: The T proved to be effective in attenuating liver steatosis in the condition of obesity, associated with improvement of IR and hyperleptinemia.