Marcadores do vírus da hepatite B em mulheres jovens atendidas pelo Programa de Saúde da Família em Vitória, ES, 2006

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the frequency of hepatitis B markers and risk factors associated with HBV infection in young women living in Vitória, ES where routine vaccination for newborns and adolescents started in 1993 and 2000, respectively. Methods: A population based survey performed in young women (18 to 29 years old) attending Family Health Program, samplied in three health regions of Vitória in 2006. Structured interviews were administered and blood sample collected to test for markers of HBV infection (HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs). Associations between anti-HBc and risk behavior or demographs and clinic variables associations were tested using chi-square test. Odds Ratio and confidence intervals were calculated to estimate the association between the infection and potential risk factors. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess factors independently associated with anti-HBc. Results: Of 1,200 selected women, 1,029 were enrolled (85.75%). Median age was 23 (interquartile range 20, 26) years and 93, 2% had more than four years of schooling. Forty-three women [4.2% (CI= 95% 2.97% - 5.43%)] were anti-HBc positive, and 9 [0.9% (CI= 95% 0.4%-1.6%)] HBsAg. There were 466 [45.3% (CI=95% 42.2% - 48.4%)] anti-HBs positive tests, 427 of them were anti-HBc and HBsAg negatives. Prevalence of anti-HBs positive with anti-HBc and HBsAg negatives reflects vaccine coverage of 43.7%. Family income of up to 4-times the minimum month salary was the only variable independently and significantly associated with anti-HBc [OR =2,6 (IC95% 1,06-6,29)]. Conclusions: These data show low prevalence of exposure to hepatitis B virus and its more frequent risk factors. Only income was associated with being positive for having been exposed to HBV. Besides income, it was not detected other risk factors to virus B infection in this population, what can suggest a lack of infected women profile. It is necessary to increase the vaccination to other age groups and perform in routine HBsAg in antenatal care, as protection measures to vertical transmission of HBV.