Filosofia no ensino médio: as intermitências da política educacional brasileira

Abstract

The theme is the teaching of Philosophy since Brazilian contemporary educational policies. The question of concern is about the place that the teaching of Philosophy occupies in the history of the country's redemocratization, owning to the so-called "New High School", defined by the Law n. 13.415/2017 and the National Common Curriculum Base. The data confirm the hypothetical field adopted: Philosophy obtained, by definition of the educational policies, different places in the school curriculum since the so-called democratic transition. After being excluded from the school curriculum in 1971, Philosophy st ill remained, by legal force, exiled from school territory during the first 23 years of redemocratizarion, even if the midst of social pressures that advocated its return. Its presence in the schools was only legitimized in 2008, by the Brazilian educational regulation, in the second government of the President of the Prepublic Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. In less than a decade, this achievement suffered a blow with the high school counter-reform via Law nº 13.415/17, along with the BNCC. The redemocratization did not break with the intermittent movement that has been typical characteristic of Philosophy Teaching in the history of Brazilian education. Its undefined condition of the form of "studies and practices" reveals a new form of banishment, which is masked by the generic defense of its mandatory status in high school. If, on the one hand, this is related to the fragile dynamics of construction of the brazilian liberal democracy, on the other hand, it is necessary to realize that this link is not direct. There are layers of mediation that need to be excavated to understand this phenomenon. In this research, one of them stands out: the legal guarantee of the insertion of Phylosophy as a mandatory subject in High School is situated in the dispute between antagonistic projects of human formation that cross the school institution.