Características fisiológicas e bioquímicas das bananeiras 'Prata', 'Japira' e 'Vitória'

Abstract

Banana s culture in Brazil and in the state of Espírito Santo presents, in parts, an essential peculiar character, constituting an important source of income for small rural producers. Besides biotical factors, temperature and pluviousity are directly related to the banana tree s growing, because they provoke an effect upon the speed of most metabolic processes, influencing the vegetative cycle, the photosynthetic activity and the breathing activity. Therefore, this assignment has the purpose to evaluate the physiological and biochemical responses of banana trees grown in situ Prata (AAB), Japira (AAAB) and Vitória (AAAB) in two cycles of development stage Mother-plant and Child-plant. The results show that the photochemical behavior of the three cultivars leaves got very compromised in June, a month when temperatures are usually low. A smaller use of energy might have been caused by a bigger destabilization of the membranes, which, as a consequence, might have been determinant for obtaining a smaller rate of total chlorophylls. Among the cultivars analyzed, the physiological behavior of cultivar Prata were the less tolerant to the changes in the non-biotical factors. The cultivars Japira and Vitória presented similar physiological responses, which can be explained for its philogenetic proximity. The nutrients contents did not present significant differences between the months and the cultivars. However, they were pretty significant when ones check the fruit formation. The cultivars Japira and Vitória established, before harvest, a good chemical performance that possibly have favored the fruits formation