Prestação dos serviços ancilares de reserva de potência ativa e suporte de potência reativa através da geração distribuída em sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica

Abstract

In this work, the use of Distributed Generation (DG) in Eletric Energy Distribution Systems (SDEEs) to provide ancillary services (SAs) of active power reserve for frequency control and reactive power support for voltage control, and assist the substation in providing power to meet the demands of the loads and system losses, was analyzed. In this context, a model of remuneration of the DG units was elaborated, based on their price offers to supply the SAs mentioned above and the demands of the loads, being that the remuneration of the SA of reactive power support was increased with the costs for losses and costs for loss of opportunity. Furthermore, the Electric Energy Distribution Concessionaire (CDEE) is the only buyer of the active and reactive power supplied by the substation and the DG units. It is worth mentioning that the model developed in this work differs from the strategies adopted in the Brazilian Electricity System, in which the SAs are provided by centralized generators connected to the electric energy transmission systems and have their remuneration based on charges determined by the National Agency of Electric Energy. The simulations were performed in the software A Mathematical Programming Language, through the solver Knitro. The SDEE employed in these simulations was the modified 37-node radial distribution test system from the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. From the results obtained, the reduction in total costs between the system without DG units and with these generators was 38.92%. In addition, the total active and reactive power supplied to the SDEE decreased by 38.38% and 30.56%, respectively. Besides, active and reactive power losses decreased by 88.73% and 88.49%, respectively. Therefore, these values suggest the possible benefits that DG and their remuneration based on a competitive market can promote to SDEEs, to CDEEs and, consequently, to the final consumers of electricity.