Perfil de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos e análise genotípica de cepas de micobactérias de crescimento rápido envolvidas em surtos e infecções esporádicas no Brasil

Abstract

Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) can cause a wide spectrum of disseminated or localized diseases, especially pulmonary, skin, or soft tissue infections. In last years infections due to contaminated materials and invasive procedures have been also increasingly reported. Recent outbreaks of infections affecting more than 1000 patients submitted to different invasive procedures in Brazil underscores this issue. Of the RGM, members of the M. chelonae - M. abscessus group are the most pathogenic and antimicrobial resistant. Even with multiple drug combinations, multiresistant RGM infections may be difficult to cure. In this study we describe the molecular identification, typing and in vitro susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents of RGM involved in recent infections in Brazil. The study was carried out in two groups of RGM isolates: one group recovered from different outbreaks (75 isolates) and a second group recovered from sporadic infections (10 isolates). hsp65 and rpoB gene sequencing was used for discrimination between species of M. chelonae - M. abscessus group and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to evaluate possible clonal relatedness and diversity among the isolates. Broth microdilution MICs of 15 antimicrobial agents were determined for these clinical isolates. Three species were identified in RGM outbreaks: M. massiliense from video assisted surgeries; M. bolletii from mesotherapy and M. abscessus from liposuction and mammaplasty. Molecular typing by PFGE demonstrated the clonal relatedness within M. massiliense isolates and within M. abscessus isolates. Mesotherapy and pulmonary isolates presented different PFGE patterns. Our results showed that the isolates drug resistance does not differed markedly by PFGE pattern. The resistance rates of these isolates to the currently available agents were high. The majority of M. massiliense isolates was susceptible to clarithromycin, amikacin and tigecyclin, whereas M. bolletii and M. abscessus isolates were susceptible only to amikacin and tigecyclin and moderately susceptible to cefoxitin. In conclusion, despite in vitro drug sensitivity tests limitations, the results provided may be sufficient to guide clinicians in selecting appropriate therapy for RGM infections.