Risco de incêndios em áreas aptas para plantios florestais

Abstract

Forest fires are detrimental to the quality of life of the human being, the flora and fauna of the place of occurrence causing damage in many different ways, from financial to landscape. The objective of this work was to carry out the edaphoclimatic zoning of three forest species Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus urophylla, Corymbia citriodora and a hybrid of eucalyptus, Eucalyptus urograndis (E. grandis X E. urophylla) and estimate in areas suitable for planting, those with the highest risk of fire occurrence. To this end, the tools and techniques of the Geographic Information System (GIS) were used, because through them it was organized in a single database, edaphoclimatic information (temperature, precipitation, water deficit and soil types) of the area of study that when processed by the software ArcGis 10.3 generated maps that supported the decision making to select the areas suitable for implantation of each forest species. Water deficiency was the most limiting variable for the implantation of new plantings, since irrigation is necessary during implantation throughout the region. The temperature also limited the regions suitable for planting. With these maps, using Fuzzy logic, the most appropriate pertinence function was determined to describe the influence that each variable (land use and occupation, relief orientation, slope and proximity to roads) has on RIF. The values obtained demonstrate that the areas present a fire risk ranging from low to medium and that the greatest fire risk in the Fuzzy set is related to the proximity of highways, in addition to land use and occupation activities such as pastures and sugarcane plantations. The modeling was appropriate to assess the importance of the selected variables on fire risk.