"É mais fácil quando todo mundo joga junto": cognição e cooperação entre jovens e adultos em um jogo de tabuleiro cooperativo

Abstract

Studies on games have been elaborated in several countries, among them Brazil, demonstrating the importance of the theme for several areas such as Psychology, Pedagogy, and Sociology. Among the published studies, those based on the theory of Jean Piaget, a theorist who classified the structures of games in exercise, symbol or rules, stand out. In the context of rule games, you can highlight the board games, which currently have a category on the rise: modern board games. This research investigated, in a psychogenetic approach how could be described at levels of heuristic analysis of notions of cooperation behavior among young people using a modern cooperative board game named “Aventura Litorânea”. Sixteen young adults, fifteen males and one female, aged between eighteen and thirty seven years old, from a technical school in the city of Vila Velha - ES participated in the study. The data collection took place in three meetings in which the participants were divided into groups of four to play “Aventura Litorânea” and an individual meeting to conduct the interview and solve the problem situation. The matches were filmed and analyzed by the researcher. The following aspects were evaluated: 1) cooperation behavior detection; 2) non-cooperation behavior detection; 3) the performance of each participant in terms of levels of heuristic analysis during the matches and in the resolution of the problem situation; 4) the final result (if the group lost or won) in each match. In addition, the individual interviews were categorized. Among the results, it was verified that the majority of the participants advanced in terms of notions of cooperative behavior while playing the game. In addition, in a comparison between the first and last matches of each group, there was an increase in cooperation behavior detection and scores in the game. It was also observed that the majority of the participants who reached the most advanced level of heuristic analysis in the game used coordinated points of view and actions, manifesting cooperative behavior in this context. In the interviews it was possible to observe that according to the players' reports cooperation was crucial to win the game. It is concluded that the participation in the context of the game “Aventura Litorânea” may have helped the participants to build more complex notions of cooperation.