Análise espaço-temporal da mortalidade por esclerose múltipla no Brasil

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis is a neurological inflammatory disease, chronic of central nervous system. It is triggered by environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals, which affects mostly young adults, aged 20 to 40 years. Objectives: To describe the epidemiological profile of the population of deaths from multiple sclerosis, with death year between 2000 to 2012, according sex, age, education and marital status in the 05 regions of Brazil. To analyze trends in mortality from multiple sclerosis in Brazil, according to place of residence, sex and age from 1980 to 2013. Perform a spatial analysis of cases of multiple sclerosis deaths reported in Brazil by place of residence, from 2009 to 2013. Methodology: mixed ecological study of secondary health data, focusing on three steps: descriptive, spatial analysis and temporal analysis (trend) of the data. They studied all deaths caused by multiple sclerosis in Brazil notified in the SIS / DATASUS, ICD9 category 340 for the years 1980 to 1995 and ICD10 category G-35 for the years 1996-2013, with 4,016 cases. For trend data analysis were used simple and multiple linear regression, Z test with 95% meaningfulness interval and STATA program version 12; for spatial analysis were used the Moran index Local and Global for identification of risk areas of this grievance according to the States. The software used was Terraview 4.2.0. Results: Of the 4016 deaths observed from 2000 to 2012 59.8% (2,402) were female, 67.9% (2,728) were white and 44.6% (1,792) were married. The tendency of death increased in all analyzed dimensions. The spatial analysis showed a pattern of spatial distribution focusing in the area south and southeast of Brazil. Final considerations: the deaths profile for multiple sclerosis in Brazil follows the pattern profile from other countries, but its increasing mortality goes against the developed countries, their spatial pattern suggests, as in other studies, the mediation of an important environment factor, that is the incidence of sunlight, but in Brazil there are few studies on the subject.