Comparação de parâmetros biológicos de saúde bucal em dois grupos de crianças do município de Vitória - ES, Brasil

Abstract

This study has two objectives and the results are organized in the form of two articles. The first objective was to ascertain the reliability of the memory of mothers of 5-years-old children about the pattern of feeding their children and nutritive sucking habits and non-nutritive sucking during the first year of life. Were used as subjects 53 mothers from a longitudinal study conducted from 2004 to 2006. A questionnaire was applied to these mothers, from August 2009 to February 2010, to verify the correlation and agreement between the data from memory and maternal data collected in the preliminary longitudinal study. The coefficient of intraclass correlation was 92.3% (95% Cl 86.7% to 95.6%) for the duration of breastfeeding (p = 0.001). The t-test found a statistical difference between prospective and retrospective data for the beginning of bottle feeding and introducing solid food before 4 months (p = 0.043 and 0.001, respectively). It is observed that the memory indicates a longer time for the start of bottle feeding and solid feeding. In the current report, mothers introduced four new reasons for weaning. It was observed that the use of questionnaires can be a good method of collecting retrospective data about the presence and duration of breastfeeding, but has low reliability for the data about the presence and duration of sucking habits and food products. The second objective was to compare biological parameters of oral health among a group of children whose mothers received guidance on oral health education (intervention) and a group of children whose mothers did not receive such guidance (control). The intervention group was formed by 53 5-6 years old children from two neighborhoods of low socioeconomic status of the city of Vitoria-ES (districts of Sao Pedro and Bonfim) and were followed 0-3 years old in the longitudinal study already mentioned, which were passed on educational guidance to mothers of children. The control group consisted of 53 children of similar age and coming from neighboring districts, with the same socioeconomic level. In collecting data were collected dmft index, presence of labial and measures for the primary dentition malocclusion and the prevalence of sucking habits. In the statistical analysis were used as independent variable to receive or not the protocol of educational orientations as dependent variables and the dmf, breathing pattern, and indicators of malocclusion. There were no statistically significant differences for the biological parameters of oral health among the groups. We conclude that the study intervention was not effective, being necessary to perform further studies to improve the actions of promotion of maternal and child health.