Deficit de acesso à coleta de esgoto sanitário no Espírito Santo

Abstract

This thesis aims to expand research on sewage collection deficit in state of Espirito Santo through the following objectives: i) To describe the deficit in the microregions of the state, from 2001 to 2014, and to investigate the temporal persistence of the deficit inequality between the microregions; ii) To assess the impact of GDP per capita, demographic size and urbanization rate on the deficit; iii) To evaluate the investments made in the sewage system, the reflection on the deficit and if they contributed to reduce the inequality between the microregions. This thesis consisted of three papers. The first was a descriptive analysis of the microregion deficit, estimated with secondary data provided by Siab. The second, by panel data regression analysis, the effect of GDP per capita, demographic size and urbanization rate on the collection deficit was estimated. The third, described the investments in collection system; the secondary data were obtained in Geo-Obras. The results showed that the average municipal deficit increased from 58% to 49% between 2001 and 2014. The Metropolitana microregion was the one with the lowest average deficit (35%). The Central Serrana, Sudoeste Serrana, Litoral Sul and Noroeste microregions were the most deficient (Paper 1). The regressions of the pooled and fixed effects models indicated that the increase in the three variables impacts on the reduction of the deficit. The urbanization rate was the variable with the major impact, followed by demographic size and GDP (Paper 2). 66% of the contracts carried out in the period were for the implementation of a sewage collection system. 85% of the amount was contracted to the Metropolitana microregion. The amount invested by the municipalities to reduce the deficit by one percentage point ranged from R$ 7,167.00 to R$ 5,773,374.00 (Paper 3). It was concluded that the deficit of sanitary sewage collection reduced, but the inequality between the microregions persisted, mainly driven by issues of implementation, operation and administration of the service. Despite the importance of working with regionalized data, it is important for municipalities to be treated in their individuality for the progressive overcoming of deficit, and the provision of permanent and equitably distributed investments is imperative.