Produção de lipases por fermentação em estado sólido utilizando cepas fúngicas

Abstract

Lipases are enzymes that catalyze reactions of great industrial interest, it can be used in biodiesel synthesis, which is an alternative and biodegradable fuel produced from renewable sources such as vegetable oils and animal fats. The main objetive of this work was to study the lipase production using fungi Penicillium sp e Rhizomucor sp for solid-state fermentation (SSF). In this work, fermentation for the production of lipases used as a substrate sugar cane bagasse. Firstly, preliminary experiments were performed in order to test the best particle size bagasse (0,6 to 1,18 or 0,6 mm to 2,0 mm), the use or absence of a nutritive solution or chemical pretreatment (peroxide or acid-basic) that should be used in order to improve the availability of the carbon source for microorganisms. After preliminary tests , we sought to optimizing cultivation conditions being studied temperatures of 28ºC , 33ºC and 38ºC , humidity levels of 60%, 70 % and 80 % and those in olive oil inducer concentrations of 5 % 7.5 % to 10 % according to the experimental planning 3³, with central points, totalling 29 trials. The maximum lipase activity (0,470 IU/g ) for Penicillium sp was obtained under the conditions of 33 ° C, 80% humidity and 10 % of the inductor , the same conditions for maximum lipase activity to Rhizomucor sp (0.583 IU/g). To the Penicillium sp., the Temperature (Q) and Humidity (L) were significant to 95% of confidence, otherwise, to the Rhizomucor sp, the Humidity (L), the Humidity (Q) and the inductor (L) were significant to 95% of confidence. After lyophilisation of the enzyme extract , transesterification was performed from fat with a fat case of a large company of Vitória, obtaining 56.72 % yield for the crude extract of the fermentation of Penicillium sp. and 59.47 % for the crude extract of fermented Rhizomucor sp.