Efeitos e expectativas de um sistema de comércio de emissões (SCE) para as empresas brasileiras participantes e para uma economia de baixo carbono

Abstract

Global warming as a process resulting from greenhouse gases (GHG) from industry, agriculture or transport, has continued to intensify since the industrial revolution in the second half of the 18th century. Greenhouse gas (GHG) and pollution in general are considered externalities, that is, they are side effects of a decision on those who did not participate in it, so a means is needed for them to be compensated accordingly. This being the main objective of regulations, because without any type of control or regulation, companies have no incentive to deal with their externalities. One of the ways to get around this problem is through carbon pricing with the objective of transforming carbon into a tradable asset aiming at an economically viable transition to a low carbon economy. However, when pricing a component of the process that previously had no financial value, economic impacts on the entities subject to this pricing are to be expected. The target audience of this research are the companies participating in RenovaBio, a program that aims to stimulate an increase in the consumption of biofuels and, consequently, the reduction of fuels with higher emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). So with this project we seek to answer through a structural equations modeling (SEM) which are the effects of adoption of an Emissions Trading System (ETS) for companies, and for a low carbon economy. With the results obtained, it can be observed that an Emissions Trading System (ETS) and the consequent carbon pricing can contribute and lead the country to a low-carbon economy, creating an economic incentive and boosting the development of new technologies to reduce their emissions, and thus promoting innovations and having effects on the competitiveness of companies through the adjustments of their behaviors.