Fatores biopsicossociais e problemas de desenvolvimento em crianças de um a três anos de idade, nascidas prematuras e com baixo peso

Abstract

Prematurity (PT) and low birth weight (LBW) are risk factors for developmental problems, generating research on assessment and early intervention. This research analyzed relationships between cognitive, motor, language and behavioral characteristics of children PT-LBW between 1 and 3 years old, and biopsychosocial variables. A sample of 40 children (10 per group, with 6 months of interval), born in public hospitals, and their parents were the participants. The Bayley Scales for Infant and Toddler Development-III (BSID-III) evaluated the risk for developmental problems. Parents responded to scales on behavioral problems (Child Behavior Checklist - CBCL 1½ to 5 years), expressive language (Rescorla Language Development Survey - LDS) and an Interview for the Identification of Biopsychosocial Risks. Data on birth and Follow up were analyzed. Were at risk for developing problems 2.5% of the sample (especially children from G1 and G4) and 24.5% had moderate risk. There was low cognitive performance in 50% of the sample. The analysis of variance showed similarity in the performance of G3 and G4 at all scales BSID-III. G4 had more abnormal cerebral ultrasound results and more severe motor. In expressive language (LAVE), 90% of G3 and G4 were performing low average. There was a correlation between conditions of birth, especially PT and BP, and developmental problems. However, behavioral problems, which increased with age, showed only correlation with psychosocial factors. However, behavioral problems, which increased with age, showed significant correlation only with psychosocial factors. The low association between indicators of risk and problems in the development underscored the possibility of mechanisms of protection and resilience.