Avaliação clínica periodontal e perfil microbiológico do biofilme subgengival em mulheres portadoras de câncer de mama

Abstract

The understanding of the oral cavity as a source of infection at distance has been discussed for decades. In this context, many studies consider periodontal disease as a potential risk factor associated with systemic diseases such as premature delivery and low birth weight infants, lung disease, diabetes, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disorders. Furthermore, a relationship between periodontal disease and cancer shows that young individuals with periodontal lesions have higher risk of premature death of fatal diseases such as malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular disease. In turn, other studies suggest an association of periodontitis with breast, prostate, pancreas, lung, cancers of the digestive tract as a whole, colorectal cancer, bladder, prostate and cervix. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the periodontal clinical condition and microbiological of the subgingival biofilm in women with breast cancer assisted at the Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Morais (HUCAM) in the Espírito Santo. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with the participation of 44 volunteer women with breast cancer suffering from periodontal disease. Clinical periodontal parameters and 144 samples of subgingival biofilm were extracted and analyzed through hybridization technique Checkerboard DNA-DNA. Statistical analysis was characterized by the observed frequency, percentage, mean, median and standard deviation, and test statistics adopting the significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Periodontal pockets 4,0mm to 5,0mm showed 59% rate; the clinical attachment level of ≥6,0mm reached 71.8%; bleeding on probing reached an average of 27.6%; and the average visible plaque index was 45.7%. The Tannerella forsythia (62.7%) showed significance for moderate pockets (p <0.01) and clinical attachment level (p = 0.440), while the Parvimonas micra (62.8%) had significance for deep pockets (p <0.01) and clinical attachment level (p <0.001). Bacteria of the yellow complex, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus intermedius and Streptococcus gordonii showed significance for deep pockets and clinical attachment level ≥6,0mm. CONCLUSION: Some studies have been showed correlation between load bacterial and development and progression of cancer, although the oral biofilm control should be reduced at the oral cavity to avoid the carcinogenesis process. The role of periodontopathogens in the etiopathogenesis of cancer lesions is not clear in the 10 literature, therefore more clinical studies are needed to be realized to determine the causal factor in the association of periodontal disease and breast cancer.