Mapeamento e avaliação da vegetação urbana da cidade de Vitória - ES, utilizando geotecnologias

Abstract

Taking the set of intra-urban vegetation as a factor to be considered in the environmental quality of a city, this study aims analyzing qualitative and quantitatively the vegetation of the city of Vitoria-ES. Initially was obtained the mapping of 17 classes of vegetation, from image interpretation techniques and scanning, on a scale of 1:1,500 using the computer application ArcGIS 10, which allowed the analysis of the distribution of classes by the urban mesh, as well as calculations of percentages and indexes of vegetation coverage, open spaces and green areas, per inhabitant. Were found 46,504 vegetation areas, equivalent to a total of 1393.38 ha, representing 14.98% of the study area. For all indexes were found very low values when correlated to indexes proposed by other authors and recommended by the Urban Afforestation Brazilian Society (15 m²/inhabitant), pointing out that the configuration of the vegetation is poorly distributed, favoring the regions finest, while there is a shortage in the neighborhoods more peripherals. Next, were analyzed the benefits of the vegetation using the relation between vegetation and the behavior of varying temperature and relative humidity throughout the day, at three sites with different environmental conditions, being they the Moscoso Park (Center), the Square Philogomiro Lannes (Jardim da Penha) and a forest fragment on the campus of UFES (Goiabeiras). The results of this analysis showed that, in the most wooded location, with less spaces built and paved, there is a strong influence on the alleviation of the air temperature and increase of the humidity. Finally, was prepared a spatialization map of annual average temperature the air of Vitoria, obtained by means of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) and equation Multiple regression adjusted. It was proven from the map that the Massif Central, place of higher altitude and greater forest fragment that comprises the city of Vitoria, shows up to 2 ° C below the annual average temperature across the city, estimated between 24.5 to 25 °C