Avaliação experimental de pavimentos permeáveis e dimensionamento de sistema de drenagem urbana sustentável: estudo de caso da bacia do Canal do Congo – Vila Velha/ES

Abstract

The urbanization process causes an increase in surface runoff, causing urban flooding, which in turn, causes inconvenience and damage to the population. Hence, it is necessary to adopt control measures that aim to minimize these impacts. The classic urban drainage systems have been shown to be limited in the stormwater management, as most of the time, these systems only transfer the problem downstream. This has sparked the growth of new approaches to rainwater control in urban environments, as Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS), which describe techniques used to drain rainwater in ways that are arguably more sustainable than conventional solutions. Among these techniques there are the permeable pavements that, by definition, facilitate the infiltration of rainwater, reducing runoff. The use of methods that quantify the runoff and the infiltration process, such as the Rational Method and Soil Conservation Service-CN Method and the Horton Formula, require specific parameters of permeable pavements when designing them in SUDS. In this scenario, the present work aims to experimentally evaluate the hydraulic performance of permeable pavements of interlocked concrete blocks and to project their use in a SUDS. Among the results, the porous type interlocking concrete block pavement did not generate runoff in any simulated rain, the conventional type interlocking concrete block pavement showed results close to those of waterproof pavements and the interlocking concrete block pavement with a joint expanded technique presented good results as a compensatory device, despite generating surface runoff. When designing a sustainable urban drainage system, the use of permeable pavements showed a significant reduction in peak flow, runoff volume and delay in peak flow time. It is concluded that, permeable pavements are efficient compensatory techniques, which are highly recommended as SUDS devices as they cause the impact of urbanization on the urban hydrological cycle to be minimized.