Se essa rua for minha, eu mando ladrilhar: um estudo variacionista de sentenças condicionais na fala capixaba

Abstract

This study aims, in general, to investigate the mode-temporal combinations that occur through the articulations of verbal forms in the conditional/prothesis and nuclear/after conditional sentences initiated by if in the context of potentiality in the speech of the city of Vitória/ES. Anchoring itself mainly in the Variationist Sociolinguistics (WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 2006 [1968]). From the corpus of the Portuguese spoken in the city of Vitória/ES project database, we analyzed the three most frequent time-mode combinations in the data of potential conditional sentences, which correspond to: Future of the subjunctive + present of the indicative (if they know of such a case, they forward, thus, to... to other places, understood?); present indicative + present indicative (if my mother does not know I ask my father...) and future subjunctive + future pericratic (if I avoid eating candy I will feel like for sure right). We investigated the groups of factors: position of sentences; age group; sex and schooling, in relation to the time-mode combinations collected. The statistical program chosen for the analyses was GoldVarb X. In the distribution of the most frequent combinations in relation to the factor position of the sentences, the foreground position (if + conditional + nuclear) was the most used independent of the three chosen time-mode. The use of the postposed position (nuclear + if + conditional) was favored when the speaker used the present combination of the indicative + present of the indicative. The result was the opposite when we analyzed the future combination of the subjunctive + present of the indicative. In this case, the previous order favored the use of this combination, while the reverse order inhibited it. Temporality was the second linguistic factor with the highest degree of significance in the use of the variants. Nuclear sentences/apodosis with the present indicative were the most frequent in the use of timelessness. In these cases of timelessness, the predominance was in sentences that have the present of the indicative in the nuclear/after the sentence. We also highlight that the elderly group was the only one that inhibited the use of the mode-temporal combination with the periphrasis in the apodosis.