Desafio da regulação do saneamento do Brasil e estudo comparativo da regulação de resíduos sólidos

Abstract

Population growth and increased consumption have intensified the challenges related to the provision and regulation of basic sanitation services, especially with regard to solid waste management. In this context, regulation becomes an essential instrument to balance economic development, environmental protection, and the guarantee of fundamental rights, while also promoting legal certainty, investment attractiveness. Basic sanitation is recognized as an essential human right by the United Nations (UN) and is included in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, Brazil still faces significant deficiencies in the quality and coverage of these services. This study analyzes the challenges of basic sanitation regulation in Brazil and conducts a comparative analysis of solid waste regulation in the United States, the European Union, and Brazil, with the aim of assessing the current Brazilian regulatory model. It is concluded that the Brazilian model presents a normative framework aligned with international practices; however, it still faces significant challenges related to effectiveness and implementation, federative coordination, institutional capacity, private sector participation, and investment levels. Overcoming these challenges is essential to consolidate a regulatory environment capable of fostering investment and promoting the universalization of sanitation services.