Diretrizes para política de egresso: um estudo analítico em institutos federais de ensino superior

Abstract

The evaluation of higher education institutions (HEIs) was established by the National Higher Education Assessment System (Law 10,861/2004) and must include ten dimensions. Among these, there is the monitoring of graduates, which is necessary, mainly, due to the possibility of generating information about the life and professional profile of former students, which can subsidize the HEI in improving the quality of teaching, research and extension, reorienting or intensifying activities in the community. The context is that, although IFs are not just Higher Education Institutions, they have been evaluated by the same system, which consequently leads to institutional policies being built based on this same system. This could have negative consequences over time, as the IFs were created with a very different conception of universities. The problem is that, even today, most Brazilian IFs do not have internally instituted egress policies, and this is also the case at the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo (Ifes), where this monitoring, before being an institutional policy, has been carried out in isolation, by its campuses. In this sense, this study aims to analyze institutional evaluation policies, focusing on the monitoring and evaluation of graduates adopted in the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology in Brazil, which may, in the future, subsidize the elaboration of policies of the various institutes spread across Brazil. To support the research, a theoretical contribution was elaborated that included clarifications on policies, government planning, plans, programs and projects; how educational policies for higher education were instituted over the years; what is the alumni monitoring policy; a review of the main publications for monitoring graduates in IFs; a characterization of the IFs and some related works. In methodological terms, the approach used was qualitative, and the research was classified as documentary-descriptive. The field included the survey and analysis of documents and assessment tools for graduates from 23 federal institutes in the country. In addition, an electronic questionnaire was sent to the same twenty-three institutes in order to complete the data extracted from the documentary texts. The analysis was carried out taking into account the Institutional Self-Assessment Roadmap (2004), made available by the National Commission for the Evaluation of Higher Education (Conaes). With the answers to the questionnaires, we sought to understand whether the FIs have been able to create clear policies for graduates. As final considerations, the analysis suggests that the guidelines issued by Conaes focus on the conception of universities, with little adaptation to IFs, which showed a low level of institutionalization of a Policy for Monitoring Graduates, without fully meeting the requirements and guidelines of Conaes. Based on the results obtained in the dissertation, a Guideline was prepared to be delivered to the IF in Espírito Santo, as well as to other Brazilian IFs, in order to contribute to the formulation of a guideline or outline for the formulation of an institutional policy for monitoring of its graduates.