Detecção de anticorpos contra Leishmania spp. pela técnica de ELISA indireta em população canina do município de João Neiva - ES

Abstract

Leishmaniasis is caused by obligate intracellular protozoa, requiring vectors to complete it’s biological cycle and is divided into two clinical forms, visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis are public health problems, zoonosis and with clinical, biological and epidemiological complexity. The interaction between hosts, protozoa and vector is complex, multifactorial and dynamic, and may undergo constant changes. It’s prevalence varies depending on local geoclimatic factors and the diagnostic method used. Dogs are widely infected and described in several cases in municipalities in Brazil and Espírito Santo. Dogs are reservoirs of the disease for humans in the case of visceral leishmaniasis and for cutaneous leishmaniasis there is still disagreement between authors. For diagnosis, the Ministry of Health recommends performing serological tests. In view of the above, the objective of this study was to carry out a canine serological survey in the municipality of João Neiva, State of Espírito Santo, in southeastern Brazil. For this, blood collection was carried out from 344 dogs from rural areas, districts and urban areas of the aforementioned municipality with a survey of variables such as: sex, age, contacts, place of origin and symptoms. After collection, the samples were drained and the serum analyzed by the indirect enzyme immunological technique. The serum were applied to a plate containing Leishmania spp. antigen. In the test, 67 canines (19.76%) were seroreactive. The characteristics of this positive group were composed of 55.22% females and 44.77% males, predominantly canines aged between 1 and 4 years, asymptomatic and living in the rural area of the municipality. The results indicate that there is circulation of Leishmania spp. in the studied municipality.