Ergonomia e segurança em atividades extrativistas no estado do Acre

Abstract

The science that studies the adaptation of work to man is known as ergonomics, which aims to improve the health, safety and well-being of the worker. Although there are several studies of ergonomics in various sectors, with regard to extractive activities, there is still little information obtained. The objective of this research was to analyze and understand the conditions of work, health and safety of activities in the collection and transportation of the nut and açaí chains in the Cazumbá - Iracema Extractive Reserve in the State of Acre, in order to propose practical solutions to the said category from Analysis of ergonomic factors. The variables analyzed were the human, environmental (climate and lighting) factors, physical load, adopted postures and the handling of loads. A total of 40 workers were evaluated. According to the results, the workers had a mean age of 35 years, mean weight of 69 kg, with a low illiteracy rate (2.3%), predominantly rural origin (94.1%), high consumption of beverages Alcoholic (49%) beverages and tobacco (15%). Most of the workers have already had accidents in their activities. Exposure to heat and illuminance were considered high and inadequate between the hours of 12 and 13:30 hours. The physical load was considered moderately heavy in the majority of the operations, especially the transport of chestnut and the collection of the açai, being considered heavy. The most damaging postures were observed in açaí and chestnut transport. The handling of loads presented a high risk of injury in the transport activities of chestnuts. In order to improve working conditions, health, well-being and safety, there should be awareness in order to reduce addictions and control for proper use of personal protective equipment. Even so, workers should be trained and conscientized to use adequate control measures where levels of exposure to illuminance are high. It is also necessary to adopt rest time per effective working hour in the activities of açaí collection and transport of nuts. In order to avoid damage to the worker's spine, it is necessary to adopt pauses during the collection and transport activities of both chains analyzed. And with regard to the handling of loads an ergonomic reorganization is necessary in order to reduce the weight handled to carry out the transport activity of chestnut.