Estudo de viabilidade econômico-financeira na implantação de um sistema de aproveitamento de água proveniente dos aparelhos de ar condicionado em uma organização pública

Abstract

As an introduction, it is registered that the disordered population growth has been generating an increase in the demand for water resources. Brazil stands out for having about 12% of all fresh water on the planet, holding enormous water potential. Due to overuse, waste and inadequate management, water has become scarce over time, so there is a need for actions aimed at its efficient and sustainable use. What makes water reuse an alternative to supply this increase in demand and irregular use. The use of air conditioning devices for air conditioning in environments, in turn, becomes a possibly viable alternative for reuse, because during the process of cooling the air, there is the removal of its moisture, expelled in liquid at the end of this process. process and, in most cases, discarded without any reuse. The context is due to the fact that in the last years, the State of Espírito Santo, suffered from absence of rains going through a period of water crisis due to water scarcity, coupled with this, the strong economic crisis that hit the country from 2015, made the State take measures to contain expenses, from there, the State published State Decree nº 3.779-R, which contains guidelines for the reduction of water consumption in public buildings, giving alternatives for water reuse. The problem identified, on the other hand, was precisely the water scarcity experienced by the State of Espírito Santo in 2014 and in the following years, causing a drop in revenue and resulting in measures to contain expenses. Thus, this research is justified on several grounds, from ecological to economic, highlighting here the rational and sustainable use of water. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to ascertain the economic and financial feasibility of implementing a system to use water from air conditioning units to wash floors at SEAG, so that there is a reduction in the consumption of this valuable resource. In theoretical terms, the following were used: the norms of the Brazilian Association of Technical Norms (ABNT), works published with a similar theme and the CONAMA Resolution nº 357/2005 and Portaria MS nº 2,914 / 2011. As for the methods and procedures, the quantitative dimension was used, configuring the research as applied. Data were collected through documentary, bibliographic and field research. The researched material was read and analyzed critically. In the results found, it was possible to verify the economic and financial viability in the implementation of the reuse system through simple payback, with a return on investment from 10 years and three months on. Already in an economic evaluation over a 20-year horizon, values of NPV (R $ 158.17> 0) and IRR (8.69% p.a.> 8.48% p.a.) were obtained, which prove the feasibility of the project. It should be noted that if other reuse purposes were adopted, such as reuse in sanitary discharges, it is possible that this project will become viable in a shorter period compared to that presented in the results. At the end, the technological product was prepared, in this case, a conclusive technical report containing the budget and economic and financial feasibility study for the implementation of the system