Supressão da irrigação para otimização da produtividade e qualidade da cana-de-açúcar

Abstract

Sugarcane plays an important economic role in Brazil, being used in the production of both ethanol and sugar. The water deficit affects the plant growth, promoting a reduction in its size, leaf area and crop. In this work, for a Brazilian sugar cane variety named RB86 - 7515, with row spacing of 1,5 m, the effects of irrigation suppression on agronomic and technological characteristics are studied. The experiments were conducted in a commercial farm located in Pinheiros, Espírito Santo between august 2013 and September 2014, Brazil. It was used a randomized block with four replications and six treatments, designated control (T1), full irrigation (T6), and irrigation suppression with 110 (T2), 90 (T3), 60 (T4), and 30 (T5) days. The main characteristics analyzed were: stalks height (m), stalks diameter (mm), flower stalks number, juice Brix, % Pol % of the cane, Pol % of the juice, fiber, purity, total reducing sugar (ART), total recovery sugar (ATR), productivity (TCH), theoretical alcohol (Alcohol) 100%) and Alcohol L ha-1 used and the area to be irrigated was located between four sprinklers with initial height from 2.5 m to 4.5 m. The water sheath was determined using a water balance model, where the inputs and outputs of water are considered, and a rain gauge was used for determining the rain water. With respect to the agronomic characteristics, the results show a significant difference in the stalks heights to the T3 and T6 samples, flower stalks number to the T2 sample and total yield to the T6 sample when compared to T1 samples. Concerning to technological characteristics, these differences were observed in the juice Brix of T4 sample, in the fiber of T3 and T2 samples, in the purity of T4 and T6 samples, in the Pol % cane of the T5 and T4 samples, in the fiber of the T3 and T2 sample, in the AR % juice of the T5, T4 and T6 samples, in the AR % cane of the T4 and T6 samples, in the ART % cane of the T5 and T4 samples, in the ATR kg mg-1 of the T5 and T4 samples, in the Alcohol 100% of the T5 and T4 samples and the Alcohol L ha-1 . An irrigation system with sprinklers was to T6 when compared with those of T1 samples. Additionally, the rainfall and flowering which happened in the testing period can be influenced both agronomic and technological characteristics.