Fatores de risco e de proteção presentes na vida de adolescentes cumprindo liberdade assistida: permanência e evasão escolar

Abstract

Studies on juvenile offenders point out that, although the school is an important protective factor, most of those adolescents are in dropout. Considering the importance of the subject, this research aimed to investigate risk and protective factors present in the lives of adolescents in probation to understanding permanence in school or dropout processes, through two studies of adolescents attended by institutions of Vitória (ES) serving this measure. In Study 1, 51 participants answered a questionnaire whose answers were subjected to statistical analysis. In Study 2, we interviewed five adolescents in dropout and five frequenting high school, and submitted the textual data to content analysis. The more protective factors present in the sample were religion, use of free time, self-efficacy, future prospects, family, access to the media and self-esteem, there is a positive association between aspects of the last three variables and staying in school. The risk factors most frequently found were intrafamilial and extrafamilial violence, involvement in illegal situations, drug use and adversity, with positive relationship between dropout and the latter variable. Overall, it has found the increase in risk factors in prejudice of protective factors in adolescents in dropout. The work highlighted the importance of interpersonal relationships in the school and that the combating to school dropout realize actions at various levels, including at the student, family, school, educators and social organization of the country.