Desenvolvimento de Hidrogel derivado de matriz extracelular óssea bovina adulta e feta

Abstract

Population aging and the increase in the number of medical and dental procedures that provide bone grafts lead to a growing search for new biomaterials. Thus, biomaterials made from hydrogels have been developed to accelerate and improve the quality of bone tissue repair. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a hydrogel derived from fetal and adult bone extracellular matrix and evaluate its biological potential based on the characterization, evaluation of biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation. For this purpose a decellularization protocol was applied followed by digestion, solubilization and gelation of the bone matrix. In this study, the decellularization process was evaluated based on the DNA, SDS and hydroxyproline quantification. The hydrogels were characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis (CHN) and scanning electron microscopy. MTT assay was evaluate in human mesenchymal stem cells for cell viability and proliferation analysis and the evaluation of osteogenic differentiation was performed based on the quantitative analysis of calcium. The results showed the most effective decellularization in bovine fetal bone tissue with a 99% DNA reduction content and preservation of bone extracellular matrix components such as collagen. It was also demonstrated a cell viability of 76% for the adult hydrogel and 65% for the fetal hydrogel, with possible interference of the residual SDS (0,03%) in the cell viability. The osteogenic differentiation results suggest that fetal hydrogel had a greater differentiation induction when compared with control and adult hydrogel. The hydrogel in this study showed biocompatibility and has a potential use in tissue bioengineering. The hydrogel derived from fetal bone tissue has shown to have characteristics that make it a candidate as a possible and promising material to be used in this área.