Determinação do perfil químico por metodologias analíticas e atividade anticancerígena e antibacteriana de extratos aquoso e alcoólico de própolis comercial

Abstract

Propolis is a resinous bee product, whose raw material for its production is collected by bees from various plant sources. They are commercially labeled as alcoholic tinctures, which are the most common, but also aqueous extracts. In this work, two strategies were outlined for investigation of two groups of founders, one group with the objective of comparing the use of different solvents (water and ethanol) for making green propolis extracts, for which the antibacterial activity on Helicobacter pylori was investigated, anticancer activity (gastric cancer) and chemical composition. In the chemical composition through GC-MS (gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry) both extracts dissipated phenylpropanoids, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and triterpenes. From a biological point of view, an aqueous green propolis was considered more toxic to RAW murine macrophages, (IC50 59.2 μg / ml x 138.0 μg / ml) and both cytotoxic to gastric cancer cells (IC50 46.1 μg / ml) ml x 53.3 μg/ml). However, they were not considered active for the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, one of the causes attributed to gastric cancer. In the second strategy, 5 dyes of different types of propolis, including green propolis, brown propolis, red propolis, a mixture of brown, green and red propolis and a last sample in which the manufacturer did not determine the type of propolis used, had its chemical composition compared in duplicate by FT-ICR EM, in three sources of electrospray ionization in positive and negative mode and chemical atmospheric pressure ionization in positive mode, with the objective of finding the best ionization method in mass spectrometry to classify unknown samples of propolis as to type, submitted to the same biological tests as the first samples and also evaluated for antioxidant capacity by scavenging the DPPH radical in an attempt to relate its chemical composition with possible antioxidant activity. Through chemometry (Major Component Analysis - PCA the mass spectra of each sample in each ionization mode. Thus, it was observed that, without variable selection, the brown, green and unknown propolis samples did not approximate each other, while the red and mixed propolis samples approached each other. These samples were also subjected to tests for antibacterial activity on Helicobacter pylori and anticancer activity (gastric cancer), in relation to cytotoxic activity on healthy cells, red propolis was considered the least toxic (93.64 ± 2.36 μg/ml ) on RAW murine macrophages, while mixed propolis was the most toxic (61.66 ± 2.53 μg/ml). As for cancer cells, AGS, red propolis was the most toxic (38.62 ± 1.11 μg/ml), which resulted in the highest selectivity index for it (IS2.42) compared to other types of propolis. Through the DPPH test it was not possible to relate the antioxidant activity to the biological activity of each sample.