Espaços não formais de ensino : a influência do Museu de Biologia "Professor Mello Leitão" na construção do conhecimento de conteúdos de Biologia na Educação Básica

Abstract

The development of activities in a Non-Formal Teaching Space, that is, outside the school scope has positive and negative characteristics. The withdrawal of students from the school to visit this space, can cause annoyance, both for the teacher, who will have to bear the consequences of everything that occurs during the journey to the place and the permanence of the students in that place, as for the school, which should separate a few days, so that these students are available to the teacher / researcher of the discipline in question. The increase in the number of researches that present alternatives to the practice of teaching in these spaces expands the possibility of the teacher considering it as a construction environment of Significant Learning. Thus, an intervention was carried out at the "Professor Mello Leitão" Biology Museum, highlighting its functioning as a non-common teaching environment, student learning construction and its relationship with the contents developed by the teacher in the school, verifying their understanding of the knowledge of Biology. During the development of the project, students of the 1st year of high school were taken to the Museum and in this were held the visit and complementation of biology content that normally would not be possible to effect in the classroom. The main objectives were to analyze critically the interaction of the students in the Museum and to verify the construction of the students' knowledge regarding the contents of Biology: Ecology, Botany, Zoology and Evolution, developed in this Non - formal Teaching Space. The project developed from the master's research reached its objectives, where the students had the opportunity to discuss issues of environmental impact, animal trafficking, loss of biodiversity of the Atlantic Forest biome, and study the life history of the naturalist Augusto Ruschi and of the Museum's foundation. The research approach from the time of leaving the school to the visit had a positive impact on students' evaluation, considering the Museum as a space for building an effective Cultural Capital for the student. Thinking about non-formal teaching spaces as a complement to the school has proved to be important for the cultural and social development of students and this thinking needs to be expanded for all teachers.