Riscos territoriais em projetos representacionais: investigação do patrimônio territorial de João Neiva - ES

Abstract

After successive conceptual expansions, heritage increasingly overcomes the dichotomy between conservation and development. The theoretical revolution that conceptually expands it to the level of territorial heritage has as source the Italian Territorialist School, based on its definitions of territory and territorial heritage, as a method and practice adopted for the identification, conservation and management. The research is dedicated to the reflection of territorial heritage, focusing on its procedural logic, through its formation, maintenance and transformation rules, aiming to identify two contradictory processes: territorial risks and resistance. The territorial risks, a contemporary issue, configure themselves as unsustainable actions on those mentioned rules, resulting in detrimental reactions of the landscape that threaten the structural elements of the territorial identity and imply on scenarios of patrimonial dissolution. The opposite movement points to resistance, ensuring permanence scenarios and models of self-sustainable development. The object of study are two urbanized nuclei of João Neiva - ES. Its occupation began at the end of the 19th century, in the second immigration phase of the state, and gained strength with the arrival of the Vitória-Minas Railway, at the beginning of the 20th century, with the implantation of João Neiva Railway Station and Wagons Repair Manufactory, and posteriorly new stations along the occupied nuclei. This second phase of occupation promotes rapid urban-economic growth, with exogenous logics of development. With the extinction of the Vitória-Minas’s implantations, there is a rupture in the urban-economic expansion and in the apprehension of its industrial railway heritage, which undergoes processes of de-characterization and degradation, as part of the territorial risk process. The methodology is both qualitative and empirical and has its core on the perception of the territory through its morphotypology linked to its historical-structural logic. Its analytical focus is the anthropized structure of the territory, inserted in a representational project that identifies its procedural logic through formal, diachronic and relational syntheses. Has as result the structuring and experimentation of a Territorial Atlas that, through a set of predefined variables, allows the identification of processes that detract the territorial heritage which, in the end, are confronted with the concepts of Territorial Risks and proactive patrimonialization, verifying its applicability in strategic scenarios.