Percepção e vulnerabilidade ambiental do Parque Estadual de Pedra Azul, ES, Brasil

Abstract

In the last decades, much of the vegetation of the Atlantic Forest belonging to the Holy Spirit was destroyed in an intensive and disorderly way due to the growing anthropization. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the existence of possible conflicts in the buffer zone of the Pedra Azul State Park (PEPAZ), based on sustainability and environmental vulnerability. In order to fulfill this objective, the following methodological steps were implemented: a) verification of the existence of conflicts between PEPAZ and its environment; b) a description of the perception of the PEPAZ managers and the stakeholders about the buffer zone, its uses and social and economic issues, through structured interviews; c) identification of the level of limitations imposed on productive activities in the environment; and d) detect the areas of greatest environmental vulnerability. This model of anthropic environmental vulnerability was used following the Santos method (2014) and adapted to this study, was done by means of Euclidean distance analysis, application of fuzzy logic and AHP, proposed by Saaty ( 1977), where the variables represented by environmental vulnerability were compared one by one with values ranging from 1 (equally important) to (extremely important). As a result of the interviews, we identified legal, administrative conflicts, such as bureaucratic obstacles, lack of information regarding production techniques, construction and legality, corroborated by the results found in the modeling, with anthropogenic vulnerability represented by the upper classes - high and high with values of 22.99% and 26.44%, respectively. It is concluded that no direct and effective action is taken to allow the full adoption of production, conservation and preservation techniques by the producers / confrontants, that is, the lack of information influencing the modeling of the areas of anthropic action, which, in general, establishes an unsustainable development status for the Conservation Unit's stakeholders.