Evolução do estado nutricional e fatores clínicos associados em crianças com Alergia à Proteína do Leite de Vaca em uso de fórmulas infantis especiais

Abstract

Introduction: Cow's milk protein allergy (CPMA) is a common allergy in infants and can affect proper growth and development. Objective: To evaluate and verify factors associated with the evolution of the nutritional status (NS) of infants with cow’s milk protein allergy (CPMA) who were fed with hypoallergenic formulas (HF). Methods: This is a longitudinal study with infants (n=1036) provided by a governmental program in Brazilian. Nutritional status was assessed before (T1) and after (T2) treatment with HF. The causality of exposure variables on the evolution of NS was verified by Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR). Results: 1036 children were evaluated and observed an increase in anthropometric indexes analyzed with statistically significant results (p<0.01). The weight/age and height/age showed a significant reduction in infants with nutritional deficit. The Body Mass Index (BMI) showed a decrease in the number of infants with nutritional deficit (<-2 z-score). On the other hand, there was an increase in those classified as at possible risk of overweight, overweight and obese. MLR showed that who remained <12months in the program had a lower odds ratio (95% CI=0.355–0.906;p=0.018) to have inadequate NS with increasing BMI. Preterm infants were 4 times more likely (CI 95%=1.520–10.694;p=0.005) to have their BMI decreased and those who received nutritional counseling had a lower odds ratio (CI 95% =0.411– 0.953;p=0.029) to maintain adequate NS. Conclusion: The Note that the use of FIE considerably affects NE, with a decrease in nutritional deficits and an increase in the percentage of children with a z-score above eutrophy. Factors such as treatment time, number of systems involved in prematurity and nutritional counseling are predictors that influence this evolution.