Fatores que interferem na composição do leite de vacas mestiças na região do Caparaó-ES

Abstract

Milk is a food rich in nutrients with great importance in food and in the economy of many regions. Interest in the composition increased by the need to adapt the rules, demand of higher economic returns to producers, the making industry and the quality of products reaching the consumer. The aim of the study was to obtain information about the quality and physicochemical composition of cows without mastitis milk, determine the changes suffered in the milk components as a function of subclinical mastitis and determine relations between the fat content in milk and variables energy metabolic profile in crossbred cows of Caparaó Capixaba region. Milk samples total of 418 crossbred milking cows (Holstein x Zebu) at different stages of lactation were collected for the purpose of quantifying the protein, fat, lactose, defatted dry extract (ESD), mineral density (DENS. ) and cryoscopic point (PC) by ultrasound method. Blood samples were collected for determination of ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), cholesterol, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglycerides and evaluated the body score condition (BSC). The milk composition met within the parameters indicated for the races and evaluated management conditions meeting the standards set by Instruction. There was a high incidence of subclinical mastitis, which increased fat and reduced density. Further in milk fat content are related to changes in the energy metabolic profile.