A ética castrense e a intervenção militar como recurso de manutenção da ordem institucional

Abstract

The effective military participation in the Brazilian political history and its interventionist nature has been studied in its different possibilities, economical, ideological or political. The result has been enriching to the historiography referred to the theme. Although other explanations are not disregarded and the intention is not to replace the already presented well structured hypothesis, the current research suggests the existence of a gap and indicates a glance that privileges to understand the constant military interventions in the Brazilian political life, specially the case of the year of 1964, also under the perspective of an action moved by an ethics. Thereby, it’s intended to show that it is necessary to look at the mentioned phenomenon by an angle that contemplates the existence of evaluative elements which move the auditor action. The conceptual definition of the military ethics term and the study of its elements are approached in a Weber theoretical prism. It is also contemplated, in this study, the cult to Caxias and the patrons, as symbolic elements which were strategically elaborated as pedagogical instruments to show the man wearing uniform the intended values. The option of a historical analysis of the military institution, that goes from 1810, with the creation of the Real Military Academy, to the intervention of the year 1964, it made possible to demonstrate how the elements of military ethics had been gradually incorporated all over the years. This made us see that the causes of the crisis settled in Brazil in the sixties and the consequential Goulart’s deposition by the hands of the militaries cannot be thought only from immediate facts, but as a result of a rational social action referred to values which only can be noticed in a longer analysis.