Modelos de referência de atividades operacionais aplicáveis a organizações de catadores de materiais recicláveis

Abstract

The National Solid Waste Policy establishes that all municipalities must carry out the selective collection and assign dry solid waste recyclable primarily to organizations of collectors of recyclable materials. However, even with the legal incentive given by the policy that gave greater visibility to the organizations, many present difficulties in reaching the maximum value added of the commercialized waste and difficulties with the management of the business. The operational activities carried out happen in a non-standardized, disorganized way, with rudimentary practices and the collectors are unaware of the relationship between the activities and the importance of each one. It is understood the need to understand how each process is executed in these organizations, so that one can optimize processes, identify improvement points, avoid rework, redundancy, waste and sources of error. In this sense, this work had as main objective to create reference models of operational activities applicable to different organizations of collectors of recyclable materials. To this end, this study first sought to select the main processes related to the end activity carried out in these organizations through bibliographic research. Next, 10 more well-structured collectors' organizations were selected in Espírito Santo to model the processes using the Focus Group methodology and the Business Process Modeling and Notation. From the generated models, the processes were analyzed, compared and optimized generating the reference models. The selected processes were the selective collection, reception, sorting, pressing and baling and commercialization of waste. The most differentiated process from organization to organization was the screening, due to differences in physical structure, secondary sorting, sorting of waste from conventional collection and in the variety of subtypes in which the residue is sorted. The adopted methodology allowed to highlight unnecessary activities, limitations of existing layout and good practices, contributing to the development of a reference model applicable to different realities, which could serve as a basis for organizations to develop their individual.