Indução embriogênica com glutationa em genótipos de Euterpe edulis Martius: implicações para o melhoramento genético e conservação

Abstract

Euterpe edulis Martius, is an endangered palm species from the Mata Atlântica Biome, faces threats due to predatory exploitation, low natural regeneration, and limited seed propagation. In vitro cultivation techniques, such as somatic embryogenesis (SE), offer efficient alternatives for the multiplication and conservation of the species. This study aimed to develop an SE protocol for two genotypes of E. edulis (Juçara and Santa Marta), using picloram (150 µM) as an inducer in combination with reduced glutathione - GSH (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 mM). Zygotic embryos, used as explants, were kept in the induction process for 120 days in MS medium (MURASHIGE; SKOOG, 1962) in the absence of light. The evaluated parameters included oxidation (%), callogenesis (%), callus area (mm²), callus mass (mg), induction percentage (%), and number of SE per plate (%). In Juçara, 0.25 mM GSH resulted in low oxidation (3.33%) and a larger callus area (0.5887 mm²), while in Santa Marta, it led to a larger callus area (0.6152 mm²), higher mass (0.2420 g), and a greater number of SE per plate (84.76). It was concluded that GSH at a concentration of 0.25 mM, combined with picloram (150 µM), is the most effective for inducing somatic embryogenesis in both genotypes, representing an advancement for the conservation and genetic improvement of the species.