Implementação de políticas públicas e sustentabilidade financeira da coleta seletiva no Brasil

Abstract

Self-financing in the management of urban solid waste is a challenge faced by developed and developing countries. Many of the management systems are not financially sustainable, due to the high costs of collection and transport, in addition to the lack or poor quality of data for generating and monitoring indicators and indices. As a result, this work had as its main objective to describe how the elements contained in public policies can influence the commitment of revenue in municipalities for offering the selective collection service for the dry recyclable fraction. For this, a portfolio of relevant articles was identified, using the Ordinatio Method, where the profile of this portfolio was presented, as well as the systematization of how the elements contained in public policies influence financial sustainability. In addition, it was also possible to represent the cause and effect relationship between these elements of public policy, through the software Vensim PLE®, creating a Tail and Effect Diagram. The results show that the normative elements are the basis for the formulation of effective public policies according to the reality of each municipality and directly influence the elements of planning, inspection and monitoring. The collection of fees, taxes and financial penalties have a persuasive effect on engaging with segregation at source and on recovering costs to municipalities, having a positive effect on financial sustainability. All these elements combined with an educational element positively influence the segregation, the amount of waste sent for selective collection, which will impact the costs linked to this service. However, it is noteworthy that the relationship between the investments of this policy and the reduction of tailings has delays. Thus, the effects of the elements contained in the studied public policies are limited when analyzed individually, however, when they are implemented in an integrated manner, developed and executed together, they have significant impacts on the financial sustainability of the selective collection service.