Atributos químicos e biológico do solo em áreas de restauração florestal

Abstract

The study of biological indicators of soil quality is of vital importance in understanding the existing ecological processes in these systems. Soil fauna acts directly on the decomposition of soil organic matter and nutrient availability responsible for forest development and also on the properties and physical, chemical and biological soil processes. The Valley Nature Reserve is set in an area of extreme biological importance located between the municipalities of Linhares and Jaguaré, and accounts for 25% of the remaining area of Atlantic Forest in Espírito Santo. This study aimed to characterize the chemical properties of the soil and litter accumulated, as well as the epigeal fauna in areas where the restoration process, and forest area in a Tropical Rainforest Lowlands, and pasture in the Vale Natural Reserve,Linhares, ES. Three models of restoration (T1, T2, T3) with different arboreal wealth (29, 58, and 114 species) were compared with non-degraded pasture (T4) and a stretch of Dense forest of lowland (T5). Three plots of 50x50 m were demarcated in each treatment with conducting two samples on the time of lower rainfall (drought) and highest rainfall (rainy). In each plot, soil samples were taken at three depths for chemical analysis, and yielded litter biomass for calculation and analysis of macronutrients. Sampling of epigeal fauna, we used pitfall traps "pitfall traps." Principal component analysis (PCA) and co-inertia analysis was performed, in addition to obtaining the Shannon index and evenness of the epigeal fauna as well as their distribution in functional groups. As a result the stock of accumulated litter and MO were always higher in the forest area, followed by grazing and restoration models. The pasture had high levels of K. The influence of each tree physiognomy was observed in the studied attributes. Among the models of restoration, the highlight was the three treatment (T3) relative to the other. The Coleoptera and Pseudoscorpionidas, proved good indicators of soil quality through multivariate analyzes, which proved to be important tools in the study of biological indicators of soil quality.