FUNDEB permanente: o debate sobre complementação da união e padrões de qualidade nas audiências públicas da comissão especial destinada a proferir parecer à PEC 15/2015

Abstract

To replace the Fund for the Maintenance and Development of Basic Education and the Valorization of Education Professionals (Fundeb), regulated to run until December 2020, the permanent Fundeb was conjectured by Proposed Constitutional Amendment (PEC) nº 15/2015 in the Chamber and in the Senate by PEC's nº 24 / 2017, 33/2019 and 65/2019, with a view to permanently constitutionalizing it in the body of 1988´s Federal Constitution, considering that the financing fund for education denotes the genesis of federalism cooperative, with attributions shared with federated entities in a collaborative regime. Like this, the central question of this research sought to understand how the debates about the percentage of complementation in Union and about the quality standards occurred in the 42 public hearings, promoted by the Special Commission destined to issue an opinion to the Proposed Amendment to Constitution nº 15-A, of 2015, from deputy Raquel Muniz (PSC/MG) between the years 2017 and 2019. Therefore, the objective of this dissertation was to analyze the proposals and debates in public hearings related to the implementation of the permanent Fundeb, in the Special Commission between the period of 2017 to 2019, considering the financing for basic education in two aspects: greater participation of Union with regard to the percentage of completion in the fund and fulfillment provided for in goal 20 of the National Education Plan (PNE), through strategies 20.6, 20.7, 20.8 and 20.10, under the principle of the effectiveness in a quality standard for the teaching with the establishment of Initial Student-Quality Cost (CAQi) and Student-Quality Cost (CAQ) mechanisms. The theoretical and methodological foundations of this research bases on the model of Kingdon's multiple flows (1995) with a view to analyzing the interests, disputes and strength correlations of visible and invisible actors in the formation of the agenda for approval of the permanent Fundeb. As a methodological framework, a qualitative approach has chosen, using a documentary analysis of PEC No. 15/2015, public hearings and shorthand notes of that PEC from 2017 to 2019. After the analysis of these documents, it has found that visible and invisible actors were unanimous in the constitutionalizing of a new found, but there were disagreements as to the value of contribution that Union should give and also regarding the definition of a parameter which ensures quality in education, with a view to guarantee the rights to basic, free and public education for everybody