Práticas pedagógicas inclusivas no cotidiano da educação infantil: considerações sobre a infância e a criança com deficiência e transtornos globais do desenvolvimento

Abstract

This dissertation has a goal to investigate inclusive pedagogical practices instituted in everyday childhood education from a look at a childhood and to a disabled child and with global disruption of development. We point as specific goals: To define what is been recognized as inclusive educational practices from established indices to identify them in the context of an English Childhood School; To investigate how the School reflects, dialogues about the matters of inclusion of children in the first childhood in the unit of educational childhood and how to arrange the teacher ́s training offers in this space in order to constitute including pedagogical practices in the School unit, listen to children with disabled and global disruption of development and other children about how they are understanding the happening of pedagogical practices in general and the including pedagogical practices of the unit of teaching of childhood education. For that, we developed a study of qualitative data, based on methodology of study of ethnographic case in the collaborative perspective, that we did documental analyzes, semi-structured interviews, participant observations cycles of training with teachers and group of conversation with children, that was recorded by pictures, audio and video records. That study was developed in the context of a public school of childhood education of Cachoeiro de Itapemirim city – ES - Brazil. The participants in this research were eight children, audience of special education, that were the age from 2 to 6 years old, and ten teachers, five of them acted as regent teachers in the ordinary class and five as supporting teachers of Special Education. Beyond these participants, we had three pedagogues, one director, one coordinator and two auxiliary class who were involved directly or indirectly with the study. The study was conducted for fourteen months, from October 28/2011 to December 10/2012, in a municipality school of basic education of Cachoeiro de Itapemirim city ES – Brazil, that exclusively serves students from nursery school, into two classes of kindergarten and three preschool. The theoretical contributions these studies are based on cultural-historical approach and in the studies of Phelippe Meirieu. The data from this study were organized into thematic and “interactive episodes” and analyzed through microgenetic approach and analysis of narratives. The results showed the importance of investment in teachers training, the formation of collaborative relationships between regent teachers and the special education and the assumption that every child has ability to learn, because these elements influence the established pedagogical practices spacetimes in Early Childhood Education by the challenge of inclusion of disabled children and global disruption of development.