Violência interpessoal contra a pessoa com deficiência: análise das notificações no Estado do Espírito Santo

Abstract

Introduction: People with disabilities are included as the most vulnerable population to the aggravation of violence and need strategies that can guarantee their protection. Objectives: To analyze cases of interpersonal violence against people with disabilities in the state of Espírito Santo reported between the years 2011 and 2018, and the associated factors. Method: This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study, carried out with data from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases, in the state of Espírito Santo, made available by the State Department of Health. The independent variables were the characteristics of the victim, those of the aggressor, and the event, with the outcome being interpersonal violence against the disabled person. Data were analyzed using the Stata 14.0 program for absolute and relative frequencies, bivariate analysis using the Chi-square (χ²) and Fisher’s exact tests, and the association between variables using the Poisson regression model. The research was accepted by the Research Ethics Committee of the University. Results: Interpersonal violence against people with disabilities in Espírito Santo accounted for 65.3% (95%CI: 63.0-67.6) of reported cases of violence. Children (PR: 1.64; 95%CI: 1.50-1.79) and the elderly (PR: 1.52; 95%CI: 1.40-1.64) had a higher prevalence when compared to adults. Black race/color was 15% more frequent than white. Other associated factors worth mentioning were a perpetrator of male gender (PR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.73-2.48), age 25 years or older (PR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1 ,10-1.51), and having used alcohol (PR: 1.29; CI 95%: 1.14-1.47), and regarding the event: on a public road (PR: 1.48; CI: 1.26 -1.73), and being a repetition (PR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.09-1.48). Conclusion: Interpersonal violence against people with disabilities was high in Espírito Santo, and the recognition of its associated factors is important for the better identification of cases. The discussion of this theme can help health professionals to protect and guarantee the non-violation of the rights of this vulnerable public, and provide subsidies in the formulation of public policies for the prevention and protection within the field of collective health in order to reduce the various consequences to physical, mental and social health of people with disabilities exposed to violence in its various natures.