O uno e o diverso: construção nacional e incorporação indígena no pensamento de José Martí

Abstract

It analyses the aspects considering the construction of the nationalities in Spanish America, at the last middle of XIX century, regarding as a specific point the process of incorporation of the Indian into those nationalities, thought by José Martí. The analysis tries to point the texts which present Marti’s thoughts on the construction of the Spanish American republics, the Indian’s role on that construction, as representations of the Indians, Marti’s ideal to the Indians in that context. The research presents a general debate focused on the construction of the national thought in Spanish America in that time and the historiographic production on Martí, considering different contexts in XX century. The central proposal is to show the changes and tensions of José Martí’s thoughts about the Indians. The results evidence Martí’s national thought, which attempted to conciliate the desire of homogenization of the national culture and the maintenance of the native elements of the Indian culture, creating, therefore, speeches qualified by ambiguity, complexity and, sometimes, by contradiction among these aspects.