Avaliação de coliformes e vírus entéricos na água e no mexilhão (Mytella guyanensis) em área de manguezal da Baía de Vitória (ES)

Abstract

Coastal areas promote many population benefits but has been affected by large and constant sewage inflows that can be a health risk for humans besides the incidence of emerging pathogens as enteric viruses. These pathogens can be detected in several environment, survive for long periods and cause a wide variety of illnesses. The Vitoria Bay estuarine system, area studied of this work, is suspected to be under anthropogenic impact. Therefore, the aim of this work was assess water and shellfish (Mytella guyanensis) microbiological quality in Vitória Bay mangrove area from trhee sampling sites over 14-month monitoring (february/2008 to March/2009). Parameters evaluated was physicochemical (pH, turbidity, condutivity and Total Dissolved Solids - TDS), bacterial indicators (Total Coliforms - TC and E. coli) and viral pathogens (adenovirus, rotavirus and norovirus). Enteric viruses were detected by PCR. Physicochemical results showed maximum turbidity and minimum conductivity and TDS in the rainy months, specially in the sampling site near the mouth of the river. Bacteriological analysis showed shellfish and water contamination, with TC densities up to 106 MPN/25g in shellfish and up to 105 MPN/100mL on sampling site near the pier and houses. Highest values were obtained after rainfall events. About virological analysis, adenovirus (AdV) were detected in 76,7% and rotavirus (RV) in 88,1% of the water samples. AdV and RV were detected in 100% of the shellfish samples, despite shellfish bioacumulation. Norovirus was detected in 4.8% of shellfish samples and wasn’t detected in shellfish samples. Monitoring was able to show high fecal contamination in the estuary and shellfish samples and becoming an important tool in decisions about deployment of environment protection.